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4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division
The 4th SS ''Polizei'' Panzergrenadier Division was one of the thirty-eight divisions fielded as part of the ''Waffen-SS'' during World War II.
The division was formed in 1939 as part of the ''Ordnungspolizei'' or Orpo (uniformed national police). While all German police organizations were controlled by ''Reichsführer-SS'' Heinrich Himmler in his capacity as Chief of German Police in the Interior Ministry, they were not at this time considered part of the SS, nor was the ''Polizei'' Division on par with the true ''Waffen-SS'' Divisions. This status was reflected in the quality of the equipment they were issued〔 and their retention of police insignia and rank structure. The division was transferred to the ''Waffen-SS'' in 1942, and after a variety of splits and reunions it was eventually upgraded to a ''Panzergrenadier'' division, the 4th SS-Polizei-Panzergrenadier Division. It fought in France, Russia, Greece (where it orchestrated the Distomo massacre) and Pomerania and finally surrendered to the Americans in May 1945.
==Formation==
The ''Polizei'' Division was formed in October 1939, when 15,000 members of the ''Ordnungspolizei'' were drafted and placed together with artillery and signals units transferred from the army. These men were not enrolled in the SS and remained policemen, retaining their Orpo rank structure and insignia. Himmler's purpose in forming the division was twofold: in a period of heated bureaucratic infighting and competition for manpower, it permitted him to get around the recruitment caps the ''Wehrmacht'' had succeeded in placing on the SS, it also provided a means for his policemen to satisfy their military obligation and avoid army conscription.〔Stein, George H, ''The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939-1945''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press (1984), pp. 28, 34〕
The first commander was ''Generalleutnant der Polizei'' (Major-General) Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, a career police commander who had been a general staff officer during World War I; simultaneous with his appointment he was also commissioned as an ''SS-Gruppenführer''. The division was equipped largely with captured Czech materiel and underwent military training in the Black Forest combined with spells on internal security duties in Poland.〔Williamson, The Waffen-SS, p. 38〕
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